Cjon Book Excerpt Series
نویسندگان
چکیده
Gynecologic cancers are malignancies that affect the female organs of reproduction and the genitalia. Collectively, these cancers comprise approximately 13% of cancers in women (Jemal et al., 2006; Martin, 2004). Screening has been particularly benefi cial in reducing mortality in cervical cancer. However, an effective screening tool for other gynecologic cancers remains elusive and cost prohibitive. General risk factors include age, family history, and endogenous or exogenous hormonal factors. These may include age at onset of menstruation, age at or lack of pregnancy, and age at menopause, as well as exposure to hormonal manipulation, including birth control methods and hormonal treatment for gynecologic conditions or symptoms of menopause. Interestingly, hormonal manipulation that may protect a woman from one type of cancer may simultaneously increase her risk for another. Therefore, women must be active and knowledgeable participants in decisions regarding hormonal therapy, and practitioners must be diligent in balancing each individual’s risks and benefi ts.
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